Characterization of the normal fetal circulatory system of the ductus venosus using sound complexity parameters.

The aim of this study was to characterize the normality of the fetal circulatory system through the time between ventricular systoles of the ductus venosus in the three gestational trimesters in healthy fetuses using nonlinear methods of the complexity of the signal. A prospective cohort study was conducted at the Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP) from December 2019 to May 2020. Pregnant women between 11 and 14 weeks, with intrauterine pregnancy and healthy fetus were included. Patients with multiple gestation, positive screening for congenital malformation, including heart disease, and under 18 years of age were excluded. Doppler velocimetry ultrasonography of the ductus venosus was performed between the 11th and 14th weeks, 20th and 24th weeks, and 28th and 32nd weeks of gestation, and then the sound signal was extracted and segmented from the videos. To compare the means between the gestational trimesters of the approximate entropy (ApEn) and Lempel-Ziv complexity (CLZ) of the time between ventricular systoles, the Friedman test was used, with a significance level of 5%. No statistically significant difference was found between the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimesters regarding the mean ApEn (P=0.281) and CLZ (P=0.595) of the time between ventricular systoles of the ductus venosus. Ductus venosus systolic time was not sensitive to differentiate fetal cardiovascular dynamics between gestational trimesters. This study pioneered the characterization of cardiovascular normality by nonlinear parameters of the fetal ductus venosus in all three trimesters.

Physical and chemical characterization of drill cuttings: A review.

Drill cuttings comprise a mixture of rocks generated during drilling activities of exploration and production of oil and gas. These residues' properties are variable, depending on several drilling parameters and drilled rock composition. Many scientific studies have been published regarding the characterization of these residues. Articles summarizing these residues' characteristics and toxicity data are poorly explored in the literature. This work reviews the principal methods used to characterize drill cuttings and data about these residues' properties. Some authors have reported the large content of Zn in drill cuttings. These cuttings can be associated with base fluids (as olefins, varying from C11 to C18), and some time crude oil (high range of TPH, unresolved complex mixtures, and PAH compounds). Acute and chronic toxicity tests have shown negative impacts of different types of fluids, the components of these fluids, and cuttings on other marine organisms.

Characterization of the normal fetal circulatory system of the ductus venosus using sound complexity parameters

The aim of this study was to characterize the normality of the fetal circulatory system through the time between ventricular systoles of the ductus venosus in the three gestational trimesters in healthy fetuses using nonlinear methods of the complexity of the signal. A prospective cohort study was conducted at the Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP) from December 2019 to May 2020. Pregnant women between 11 and 14 weeks, with intrauterine pregnancy and healthy fetus were included. Patients with multiple gestation, positive screening for congenital malformation, including heart disease, and under 18 years of age were excluded. Doppler velocimetry ultrasonography of the ductus venosus was performed between the 11th and 14th weeks, 20th and 24th weeks, and 28th and 32nd weeks of gestation, and then the sound signal was extracted and segmented from the videos. To compare the means between the gestational trimesters of the approximate entropy (ApEn) and Lempel-Ziv complexity (CLZ) of the time between ventricular systoles, the Friedman test was used, with a significance level of 5%. No statistically significant difference was found between the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimesters regarding the mean ApEn (P=0.281) and CLZ (P=0.595) of the time between ventricular systoles of the ductus venosus. Ductus venosus systolic time was not sensitive to differentiate fetal cardiovascular dynamics between gestational trimesters. This study pioneered the characterization of cardiovascular normality by nonlinear parameters of the fetal ductus venosus in all three trimesters.

Ultrassonografia testicular no modo color Doppler∕ espectral e avaliação andrológica de garanhões tratados com gonadotrofina coriônica humana (hCG) em diferentes estações do ano / [Testicular ultrasonography in the doppler / spectral color mode and andrological evaluation of stallions treated with human corionic gonadotrofin (hCG) in different seasons of the year]

Utilizaram-se quatro garanhões nos meses de janeiro, abril, julho e outubro de 2016, em dois protocolos, em que: GI (n=4; 5mL de solução salina, i.v.) e GII (n=4; 5000UI de hCG, i.v.) e subdividiram-se esses protocolos em ciclos (C1 e C2), seguindo o esquema crossover, sendo: CI=animais 1 (GI) e 2 (GII), avaliados nos dias D1, D3 e D5, e animais 3 (GI) e 4 (GII), em D2, D4 e D6; CII= animais 1 (GII) e 2 (GI), em D1, D3, D5, e animais 3 (GII) e 4 (GI), em D2, D4 e D6. Realizou-se o tratamento em D1 e D2 de cada ciclo e a ultrassonografia testicular no modo color Doppler e Doppler espectral, uma hora antes de cada coleta de sêmen e imediatamente após. Avaliou-se: número de reflexo de Flehmen, de montas sem ereção, início da monta, tempo de reação à ereção e total da monta e análises de qualidade seminal. Estatisticamente foram utilizados os testes de qui-quadrado e ANOVA. Não houve diferenças estatísticas (P>0,05) entre os parâmetros analisados. Concluiu-se que uma única dose de 5000UI de hCG em garanhões não causou alterações significativas nos parâmetros avaliados em diferentes estações do ano.(AU)

Four stallions were used in January, April, July and October 2016 in two protocols: GI (n=4; 5ml saline, iv) and GII (n=4; 5000 hCG, iv), and these protocols were subdivided into cycles (C1 and C2) following the cross over scheme, as follows: CI=animal 1 (GI) and 2 (GII) evaluated on days D1, D3 and D5 and animal 3 (GI) and 4 (GII) at D 2, D 4 and D 6; CII=animal 1 (GII) and 2 (GI) at D1, D3, D5 and animal 3 (GII) and 4 (GI) at D2, D4 and D6. Treatment was performed on D1 and D2 of each cycle and testicular ultrasound in color Doppler and spectral Doppler mode, one hour before each semen collection and immediately after. We evaluated: Flehmen's reflex number, mounts without erection, start of the mount, reaction time to erection and total mount and seminal quality analyzes. Statistically, the Chi-square and ANOVA tests were used. There were no statistical differences (P>0.05) between the analyzed parameters. It was concluded that a single dose of 5000IU hCG in stallions did not cause significant changes in the parameters evaluated in different seasons of the year.(AU)

Comparison of obstetrical interventions in women with vaginal and cesarean section delivered: cross-sectional study in a reference tertiary center in the Northeast of Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the performance of obstetrical interventions and maternal and perinatal outcomes between vaginal and cesarean delivery routes in pregnant women at normal risk. Type of article: Original article. Desing: Cross-sectional study with 421 participants admitted for spontaneous or induced labor with full-term singleton gestations and fetuses weighing between 2,500 and 4,499 g. SETTING: Maternal Fetal-Medicine Service, Assis Chateaubriand Maternity, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza-CE, Brazil. METHODS: The instrument of data collection was divided into socio-demographic, clinical, and obstetric characteristics; data of labor and delivery; maternal morbidity; maternal outcome and perinatal outcomes. Pearsons chi-square test and Fishers exact test were used to verify associations between the groups. RESULTS: The mean age was 22.8 ± 6.0 (vaginal) and 22.9 ± 4.9 (cesarean section). Overall, 44.5% of vaginal deliveries and 85.5% of cesarean sections were monitored electronically (p < 0.001). Immediate skin-to-skin contact (84.1%) and first-hour breastfeeding (80.4%) were more frequent in vaginal deliveries compared with cesarean deliveries (27% vs. 61.0%, p < 0.001). The prevalence of puerperal infections was 1.2% (vaginal) and 5.0% (cesarean section) with a p value of 0.02; 40% of cesarean-delivered newborns and 9.7% of vaginally-delivered newborns were referred to the neonatal intensive care unit (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The cesarean section was associated with a lower frequency of useful practices, a higher frequency of harmful practices, worse neonatal outcomes, and a higher rate of postpartum infections.

Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography of testicular disorders in dogs: preliminary results / Elastografia acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) de afecções testiculares em cães: resultados iniciais

The aim of this study was to describe the use of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography in the evaluation of testicular disorders in dogs. Eighteen dogs with testicular disorders (thirty-six testicles) were assessed. Echotexture, size, contours and margins of testes were analysed by ultrasonography. Deformities and tissue stiffness (greyscale and homogenous or heterogeneous) were evaluated by qualitative elastography and shear velocity was determined quantitatively. Subsequent to orchiectomy, testicular samples were collected for histopathology analysis and thirty-six disorders were identified. Qualitative elastography revealed that normal healthy testicular tissues were homogenous and not pliable while the affected testicles had alterations in tissue stiffness and homogeneity. The values obtained for quantitative elastography of the testicular tissues were: normal/healthy - 1.30±0.12 m/s; degenerated - 0.97±0.08 m/s; atrophied - 2.00±0.35 m/s; hypoplastic - 0.82±0.2 m/s; cystic - 1.32±0.18 m/s; orchitis - 2.68±0.42 m/s; interstitial cell tumours - 3.32±0.65 m/s; sertolioma - 2.99±0.07 m/s and leydigoma - 2.73±0.37. ARFI elastography of abnormal testes proved to be an applicable and complementary technique in the diagnosis of testicular disease in dogs.

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o uso da elastografia ARFI (acoustic radiation force impulse) para avaliar as afecções testiculares em cães. Dezoito cães com distúrbios testiculares (36 testículos) foram avaliados. Ecotextura, tamanho, contornos e margens dos testículos foram avaliados por meio da ultrassonografia modo-B. A presença de deformidades e a rigidez tecidual (escala de cinza; homogênea ou heterogênea) foram avaliadas pela elastografia qualitativa; e a velocidade de cisalhamento foi determinada pela avaliação quantitativa. Amostras dos tecidos testiculares foram coletadas após orquiectomia para o diagnóstico histopatológico. Após ultrassonografia, orquiectomia e histopatologia, foram identificados 36 distúrbios em tecidos testiculares. Durante a elastografia qualitativa, os tecidos normais apresentaram-se homogêneos e não deformáveis; os testículos alterados demonstraram alterações na rigidez tecidual e de sua homogeneidade. Para a elastografia quantitativa, os valores obtidos foram: tecidos normais - 1,30±0,12m/s; degenerados - 0,97±0,08m/s; atrofiados - 2,00±0,35m/s; hipoplásicos - 0,82±0,2m/s; cistos - 1,32±0,18m/s; orquite - 2,68±0,42m/s; tumores de células intersticiais - 3,32±0,65m/s; sertolioma - 2,99±0,07m/s; e leydigoma - 2,73±0,37m/s. A elastografia ARFI de testículos anormais em cães demonstrou ser uma técnica aplicável e complementar para o diagnóstico de doenças testiculares nessa espécie animal.

Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography of kidneys in healthy adult cats: preliminary results.

OBJECTIVES: To describe acoustic radiation impulse force elastography in evaluation of kidneys of adult cats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten healthy adult short-haired cats were included. Echogenicity and texture, cortico-medullary relationship, size and edges of kidney were assessed by B-mode and by qualitative elastography to detect the presence of deformities and shear velocities of different portions (cranial, middle and caudal of cortex and medulla). RESULTS: Findings of ultrasonography were normal in all cats. Qualitative elastography demonstrated that the renal cortex was not deformable and had homogeneous dark gray areas; the renal pelvis had lower stiffness (white); and the medulla showed a mosaic pattern. The results of shear wave velocity were different in cranial, middle and caudal regions of cortex and medulla: 2·46 ±0·45, 2·46 ±0·48 and 2·37 ±0·42 (P=0·795) in cortex and 1·61 ±0·69, 1·75 ±0·66 and 2·00 ±0·55 m/s (P=0·156) in medulla, respectively. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Quantitative and qualitative acoustic radiation impulse force elastography of the kidney in adult cats was easily performed and this study provides base line data to allow the use of acoustic radiation impulse force in diseased animals.

Acoustic radiation force impulse elastography of prostate and testes of healthy dogs: preliminary results.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the use of acoustic radiation force impulse elastography to evaluate the prostate and testes in healthy dogs and establish reference values for these organs. METHODS: Thirty dogs were divided into three groups according to their age: juvenile, adult and senior. Echotexture, size, contours and margins of prostate and testes were assessed via ultrasound. The presence of deformities and tissue stiffness (greyscale and homogeneous or heterogeneous) were evaluated by qualitative acoustic radiation force impulse. The shear velocity was evaluated quantitatively. RESULTS: The B mode findings were normal. The qualitative elastography demonstrated that the testes and prostate tissues were hard, homogeneous and not pliable. The shear velocity values were: left testes - juveniles: 1·28 m/s, adults: 1·23 m/s and seniors: 1·23 m/s; right testes - juveniles: 1·28 m/s, adults: 1·28 m/s and seniors: 1·28 m/s; left prostatic lobe - juveniles: 1·74 m/s, adults: 2·03 m/s and seniors: 1·82 m/s; right prostatic lobe - juvenile: 1·62 m/s, adults: 1·87 m/s and seniors: 1·90 m/s with no significant differences between groups. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Acoustic radiation force impulse elastography of the testes and prostate in dogs was easily implemented. This study provides baseline data for these organs.

ARFI elastography as a complementary diagnostic method for mammary neoplasia in female dogs - preliminary results.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the applicability of acoustic radiation force impulse elastography as a complementary method in diagnosing mammary neoplasia in dogs. METHODS: Mammary tumours from 50 female dogs were evaluated and divided into two groups: G1 (benign tissue) and G2 (malignant tumours). The nodules were assessed by B-Mode ultrasonography, qualitative and quantitative acoustic radiation force impulse elastography and histopathology. RESULTS: B-Mode ultrasound examination was ineffective at separating the tumours into the two groups. Likewise, there was no correlation between the grayscale images of the mammary tissue by qualitative elastography. A difference was found in the deformity of the mammary masses between the malignant and benign groups (P = 0 · 002). Using quantitative elastography, the mean values of shear velocity were 3 · 33 m/s for malignant tumours and 1 · 28 m/s for benign tissue (P < 0 · 0001). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The use of acoustic radiation force impulse elastography may help to differentiate between malignant and benign mammary neoplasms.

Ultrassonografia transcraniana em cães hígidos: padronização da técnica e descrição anatômica / Transcranial ultrasonography in healthy dogs: technique standardization and anatomic description

O interesse pelo estudo do sistema nervoso central vem crescendo na Medicina Veterinária. A ultrassonografia transcraniana (USTC) tem a vantagem de não ser invasiva e ter baixo custo quando comparada à tomografia computadorizada (TC) e à imagem em ressonância magnética (RM). O osso temporal tem sido utilizado como janela acústica na realização da USTC em seres humanos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo correlacionar imagens ultrassonográficas transcranianas obtidas através das janelas temporal e occipital com a anatomia encefálica em cães adultos hígidos, e padronizar a técnica de exame. Foram utilizados 37 cães adultos, sem raça definida: 30 animais in vivo, para realização da técnica, e sete cadáveres, para a secção do encéfalo, à similitude dos planos de imagem obtidos ao USTC. Os dados foram analisados utilizando o teste não paramétrico de Wilcoxon. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a USTC é um método diagnóstico viável para a avaliação do encéfalo de cães com peso corporal até 10kg, por meio de planos dorsal e dorsais oblíquos, sem a necessidade de anestesiar o paciente.

The study of the nervous system is increasing in Veterinary Medicine. Transcranial ultrasonography (TCUS) has the advantage of being a non-invasive and low cost method compared to computerized tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The temporal bone has been used as an acoustic window in TCUS in humans. This study aimed to correlate transcranial ultrasonographic images obtained through the temporal and occipital window with healthy dog's encephalic anatomy, and to standardize the technique. 37 adult mongrel dogs were used: 30 animals in vivo, in order to perform USTC screening and seven dog corpses for brain section as well as USTC planes. Data analysis was accomplished by the non parametric Wilcoxon test. Results obtained indicate that TCUS (in dorsal and oblique planes) is a viable method for brain evaluation in dogs weighting up to 10kg without anesthesia.

Community of orchid bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in transitional vegetation between Cerrado and Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil.

The community of orchid bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina) was studied at an area in the transition between the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest biomes, from March, 2010 to February, 2011 in the Barroso region, state of Minas Gerais, eastern Brazil. Orchid-bee males were collected with bait traps containing three different scents (cineole, eugenol and vanillin) and with entomological nets for collecting bees on flowers. A total of 614 orchid-bee males were collected using aromatic traps, belonging to four genera and 15 species. Twenty-five female specimens belonging to two genera and at least three species were collected on flowers. Eulaema (Apeulaema) nigrita Lepeletier, 1841 was the most abundant species (50% of collected specimens), followed by Euglossa (Euglossa) truncata Rebêlo & Moure, 1996 (28%). Cineole was the most attractive compound (66.5% of males and 13 species), followed by eugenol (16% and 9 species) and vanillin (13.5% and 4 species). Eulaema (Apeulaema) marcii Nemésio, 2009 and Eufriesea auriceps (Friese, 1899) were attracted to all scents, whereas Euglossa species were collected only in cineole and eugenol.

Sonographic assessment of vessel invasion by cervical masses in dogs / Avaliação ultrassonográfica da invasão vascular por massas cervicais em cães

Tumor invasion of the vessels displays both therapeutic and prognostic implications and represents a challenge for head and neck surgeons. Although previous research has shown that ultrasound can detect such invasions, accurate sonographic parameters to do so have not yet been established. We sought to determine sonographic criteria which are able to characterize these invasions. A high-resolution transducer was used to perform ultrasound examinations of 15 patients selected from a group with inconclusive radiography and computed tomography diagnosis. We found that encasement of the vessel, tumor immobility or fixation in the vessel wall, and narrowing and/or deformity of the lumen were the best criteria. Indeed, when loss of hyperechoic interface of the vessel wall was used as a single criterion it generated false positive results. This study shows that a combination of parameters can be used to provide the best sensitivity and specificity values to produce conclusive diagnosis of vessel invasion by tumors in the cervical region.

Determinaram-se critérios ultrassonográficos capazes de caracterizar a invasão vascular por tumores em cães. Utilizaram-se transdutores de alta resolução para os exames ultrassonográficos realizados em 15 pacientes, selecionados de um grupo submetido previamente à radiografia e tomografia computadorizada, com resultados inconclusivos. Os melhores critérios encontrados foram: encarceramento do vaso, imobilidade do tumor ou aderência na parede vascular e estreitamento ou deformidade luminal. A perda de definição da interface hiperecoica da parede vascular quando foi usada como critério isolado produziu resultados falso positivos. O estudo demonstrou que uma combinação de parâmetros pode ser usada para aumentar a sensibilidade e especificidade diagnóstica, produzindo diagnósticos mais conclusivos e precisos pra definir a invasão vascular por tumores na região cervical ventral.

Small breed dogs with confirmed stroke: concurrent diseases and sonographic findings / Acidente vascular cerebral em cães de raças pequenas: achados sonográficos e doenças concomitantes

Cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) are important causes of neurological clinical signs in dogs. The objective of this work was to describe concurrent diseases and ultrasonographic features in dogs with CVA confirmed through postmortem evaluation. All medical records of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCDUS) examinations performed in 512 dogs between 2007 and 2009 were reviewed, searching for history and clinical diagnosis, as well as sonographic and histological results. Forty-two dogs were selected, showing acute onset of clinical signs with no progressive focal cerebral dysfunction and diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease confirmed at necropsy. Concurrent diseases and conditions were: cerebral amyloid microangiopathy (33%), endocrinopathies (31%), coagulopathy (24%), Schnauzer hyperlipemia (7%) and unknown (5%). The relation between sonography and histology results indicated 100% sensitivity and 90% specificity for focal lesion detection. A diffuse decrease in echogenicity was related to inflammatory diseases and/or edema with 62% sensitivity. A diffuse increase in echogenicity has 100% sensitivity and was usually related to aging changes. This study showed the occurrence of coexisting diseases with CVA and sonographic features of these conditions in small breed dogs.

O diagnóstico de acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) em cães é considerado importante causa de sinais clínicos neurológicos. Este trabalho objetivou descrever as doenças concomitantes e os aspectos sonográficos em cães com AVC confirmados por meio da avaliação post-mortem. Foram revisados os exames de ultrassonografia Doppler transcraniana (USDTC) realizados em 512 cães entre os anos de 2007 e 2009, pesquisando-se o histórico e o diagnóstico clínico, assim como os achados ultrassonográficos e histológicos. Destes, foram selecionados 42 cães que apresentavam sinais clínicos agudos de alteração cerebral focal não progressiva, e o diagnóstico de AVC foi confirmado na necropsia. As doenças e as condições clínicas concomitantes foram: microangiopatia amiloide cerebral (33%), endocrinopatias (31%), coagulopatias (24%), hiperlipemia do Schnauzer (7%) e inconclusivo (5%). Relacionando-se os resultados ultrassonográficos e histológicos, observaram-se 100% de sensibilidade e 90% de especificidade para a detecção de lesões focais. O diagnóstico de diminuição difusa da ecogenicidade foi relacionado a processos inflamatórios e/ou edema com 62% de sensibilidade. O diagnóstico de aumento difuso da ecogenicidade apresentou 100% de sensibilidade e estava geralmente relacionado a alterações senis. Este estudo demonstrou a ocorrência de doenças coexistentes com o AVC e os aspectos ultrassonográficos destas condições em cães de raças pequenas.

Seletividade de acaricidas utilizados em cafeeiro para pré-pupas e adultos de Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) / Selectivity of pesticides used in coffee crops to pre-pupae and adults of Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

Os ácaros Oligonychus ilicis (McGregor, 1917) (Tetranychidae) e Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes, 1939) (Tenuipalpidae) causam prejuízos econômicos ao cafeeiro e seu controle é feito geralmente por meio do método químico. Dentre os inimigos naturais que regulam as densidades populacionais desses artrópodes-praga, destacam-se os crisopídeos, os quais devem ser preservados por meio do uso de compostos seletivos. Desta forma, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de espirodiclofeno (0,12 g i.a./L), fenpropatrina (0,15 e 0,30 g i.a./L), enxofre (4,0 e 8,0 g i.a./L) e abamectina (0,0067 e 0,0225 g i.a./L) sobre as fases de pré-pupa e adulta de Chrysoperla externa. As pulverizações dos compostos foram realizadas diretamente sobre pré-pupas e adultos do crisopídeo por meio de torre de Potter. Em seguida, as pré-pupas foram transferidas para tubos de vidro (2 x 8 cm) e os adultos para gaiolas de PVC (10 x 10 cm), sendo mantidos em sala climatizada (25 ± 2o C, UR de 70 ± 10% e fotofase de 12h). Os compostos foram classificados de acordo com o efeito total no desenvolvimento do predador, seguindo recomendações da IOBC. Constatou-se que espirodiclofeno, fenpropatrina e abamectina foram moderadamente nocivos para C. externa quando aplicados sobre a fase de pré-pupa e enxofre foi levemente nocivo. Quando aplicados sobre adultos, fenpropatrina foi nocivo, espirodiclofeno, abamectina e enxofre na maior dose (8,0 g i.a./L) foram moderadamente nocivos, enquanto que enxofre na menor dose (4,0 g i.a./L) mostrou-se levemente nocivo.

The mites Oligonychus ilicis (McGregor, 1917) (Tetranychidae) and Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes, 1939) (Tenuipalpidae) cause economic losses to coffee and they are usually controlled by means of chemical method. Among the natural enemies that regulate the population densities of arthropod pests, the green lacewings stand out, which must be preserved through the use of selective compounds. For this reason, the present study evaluated the effects of spirodiclofen (Envidor ­ 0.12 g a.i./L), fenpropathrin (Meothrin 300 ­ 0.15 and 0.30 g a.i./L), sulphur (Thiovit Sandoz ­ 4.0 and 8.0 g a.i./L) and abamectin (Vertimec 18 CE ­ 0.0067 and 0.0225 g a.i./L) on pre-pupae and adults of Chrysoperla externa (Hagen). The pesticides were applied directly on pre-pupae and adults of green lacewings, using a Potter's tower. The pre-pupae were then transferred to glass tubes (2 x 8 cm) and the adults to PVC cages (10 x 10cm) and maintained in climatic chambers (25 ± 2o C, RH of 70 ± 10% and 12h photophase). The compounds were classified according to the total effect on the development of the predator, following recommendations of the IOBC. Spirodiclofen, fenpropathrin and abamectin were moderately harmful to C. externa, when applied on the pre-pupae, and sulphur was slightly harmful. When applied on adults, the acaricide fenpropathrin was harmful; spirodiclofen, abamectin and sulphur (8.0 g a.i./L) were moderately harmful, and sulphur (4.0 g a.i./L) was slightly harmful.

Transcranial duplex doppler ultrasonography in dogs with hydrocephalus / Ultrassonografia duplex Doppler transcraniana em cães com hidrocefalia

Transcranial duplex Doppler ultrasound was performed in 32 conscious dogs presenting ventriculomegaly detected in B-mode, obtaining measures of lateral ventricles and resistance parameters of main cerebral arteries before and after 30 days of clinical treatment. The animals were distributed divided in two groups: group 1, dogs that presented remission or decrease of the neurological signs of the disease after clinical therapy; and group 2, dogs that displayed worsening of the neurological signs or clinical stability. The data were all presented in tables and were submitted to paired t test and to logistic regression models to evaluate the influence of the RI reduction on both groups. There was no significant influence of the variables in the B-mode. After the treatment, the mean resistive index (RI) was significantly lower for the group that presented clinical improvement. There was no significant difference of the mean RI reduction for the same artery when the right and left sides were compared. It could be concluded that transcranial duplex Doppler ultrasound is a method of cerebral hemodynamic assessment able to monitor more precisely the treatment of hydrocephalus in dogs and verify the responses.

Foi realizada a ultrassonografia duplex Doppler transcraniana em 32 cães, conscientes, que apresentavam ventriculomegalia previamente detectada ao exame modo-B, para obter as medidas dos ventrículos laterais e os parâmetros de resistência das artérias cerebrais antes e depois de 30 dias de tratamento clínico. Os animais foram distribuídos em dois grupos: 1 - formado por cães que apresentaram remissão ou diminuição dos sinais clínicos após tratamento; 2 - por cães que apresentaram piora dos sinais neurológicos ou estabilidade do quadro clínico. Todos os dados foram dispostos em tabelas e submetidos ao teste t pareado e a modelos de regressão logística para avaliar a influência da redução do índice de resistividade (IR). Não foi observada influência das variáveis em modo-B. Após o tratamento, a média do IR foi significantemente menor para o grupo que apresentou melhora clínica; não houve diferença significativa da média de redução do IR para a mesma artéria quando comparados os lados direito e esquerdo. Concluiu-se que o duplex Doppler transcraniano é um métodos de avaliação hemodinâmica capaz de monitorar mais precisamente o tratamento da hidrocefalia em cães e verificar a resposta dos pacientes.

Eletrocardiografia pré-operatória em 474 cães / Pre-operative electrocardiography evaluation in 474 dogs

Foram realizadas avaliações eletrocardiográficas pré-operatórias em 474 cães, machos e fêmeas, com o objetivo de analisar a frequência de alterações eletrocardiográficas e sua relação com indicação cirúrgica, sexo, idade, raça, peso, escore corporal (obesidade), histórico e sinais físicos de doenças cardíacas. As alterações eletrocardiográficas foram observadas em 220 animais (46 por cento), sendo mais frequentes nos machos (n=116; 52,7 por cento). O aumento na duração do QRS foi a alteração mais observada (n=54; 24,5 por cento). Sugere-se o exame eletrocardiográfico de rotina na avaliação pré-cirúrgica, independentemente de idade, peso, histórico ou sinais físicos de cardiopatia.

Pre-operative electrocardiographic evaluations were done in 474 male and female dogs to analyze the frequency of electrocardiographic alterations and its relation with the surgical indication according to age, breed, weight, body score (obesity), and history and physical signs of cardiac diseases. The electrocardiographic alterations occurred in 220 (46 percent) animals, being more frequent in males (n=116; 52.7 percent). The increase in QRS duration was the most observed alteration (n=54; 24.5 percent). The electrocardiographic alterations in the pre-operative are common, which suggests that the performing of electrocardiographic exam in the pre-operative is independent of the age, weight, surgical problem, or signs of cardiopathy on clinical exam.

Adaptación marginal de restauraciones cerámicas inlay de dos sistemas cerámicos después de su cementación / Marginal adaptation of two all-ceramic inlay restorations after cementation

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar y comparar la adaptación marginal de restauraciones, confeccionadas con dos tipos de sistemas cerámicos: CEREC® inLab (VITA) e IPS Empress 2(Ivoclar-Vivadent), después de su cementación con cemento resinoso. Fueron tallados 20 premolares humanos con cavidad MOD inlay, reproducidos con silicona de adición, y obtenidos modelos en yeso tipo IV, sobre los cuales fueron confeccionados las restauraciones conforme alas recomendaciones de los fabricantes. Diez inlays con el sistema IPS Empress 2 y 10 inlays con el sistema CEREC® inLab. Las restauraciones fueron cementadas bajo presión constante de 1,5 Kgf por 10 min, con cemento resinoso. Las desadaptaciones marginales fueron evaluadas conMEB, con magnificación de 200x, en 50 puntos equidistantes. Las medias fueron analizadas por el método estadístico t de Student de muestras dependientes. Resultando en una diferencia estadísticamente significante entre las desadaptaciones marginales en el sistema IPS Empress (93,8 15,5μm), que se mostraron menores que en el sistema CEREC® inLab (114,4±10,6μm).Cuando se compararon las medias entre las caras proximales (116,51±21,85μm) y Oclusal(112,26±8,49μm) del sistema CEREC®InLab, y las caras proximales (87,12±27,98μm) y Oclusal(100,47±22,23μm) del sistema IPS Empress 2, se verificó que esos valores no difieren estadísticamente. En frente a esos resultados se concluyó que las medias obtenidas son aceptables clínicamente.

This study has the purpose to evaluate the marginal adaptation of two system of all-ceramic class II inlays: one of laboratory-made heat-pressed ceramics (IPS Empress 2) and the othercomputer-aided manufacturing (CEREC®inLab) after cementation with resin cement . Extracted human premolars were prepared to receive mesio occluso distal (MOD) ceramic inlays for 10 IPS Empress restorations and 10 CEREC®inLab restorations. The impression material used was a polivinilsyloxane addition silicone by the double impression technique. The impressions of prepared teeth were cast in type IV dental stone. The restorations were made following the manufacturer's recommendations. The inlays were luted on human premolars with resin cementin accordance with the manufacturer's recommended pre-treatment. The marginal gaps were investigated by scanning electron microscopy with magnification of 200X. The results wereanalyzed by t(Student) statistic test. The means marginal gap for IPS Empress 2 was 93.8±15.5μmsignificantly lower than 114.4±10.6μm calculated at the CEREC®inLab system. The gaps of the inlays at the occlusal margin and of the approximal margin showed no significantly differencesin two systems. It may be concluded that measurement value are clinically acceptable.

Uso do ultra-som dúplex Doppler no diagnóstico de shunt portossistêmico em gatos / Portosystemic shunt diagnosis using duplex Doppler ultrasonography in cats

Realizaram-se exames ultra-sonográficos dúplex-Doppler abdominal em dois gatos que apresentavam sinais clínicos de encefalopatia hepática. Os principais achados ultra-sonográficos foram: identificação de um vaso anômalo tortuoso desviando o fluxo portal, velocidade de pico sistólico portal aumentada, presença de fluxo turbulento na veia cava caudal e redução do tamanho do fígado e do calibre dos vasos portais. Os achados de necropsia confirmaram os resultados dos exames ultra-sonográficos e clínicos. Pode-se concluir que o diagnóstico de shunt portossistêmico deve ser uma hipótese a ser considerada em gatos com sinais clínicos de encefalopatia hepática.

Abdominal duplex Doppler ultrasonography was used in two cats with hepatic encephalopathy clinical signs. The main ultrasonographic findings were: identification of a tortuous strange vessel shunting portal flow; elevated portal flow velocity; turbulence in the caudal vena cava, and reduced size of liver and hepatic portal branches. Necropsy findings were similar to that found at ultrasonographic and clinical exams. It is concluded that portosystemic shunt diagnosis may be a real hypothesis to be considered in cats with clinical signs of hepatic encephalopathy.

Ultra-sonografia transcraniana em cães com distúrbios neurológicos de origem central / Transcranial ultrasonography in dogs with central neurologycal disorders

Avaliaram-se 55 cães com distúrbios neurológicos e verificou-se a ocorrência de afecções neurológicas de origem central, detectadas pela ultra-sonografia transcraniana (USTC). Vinte e nove (52,9 por cento) animais apresentaram diagnóstico compatível com hidrocefalia, e destes, 16 (55,1 por cento) eram fêmeas e 15 (51,7 por cento) tinham menos de dois anos. Quinze (27,3 por cento) cães apresentaram lesões focais, quatro (7,2 por cento), alterações difusas e quatro (7,2 por cento) apresentavam imagens sugestivas de lissencefalia; em três (5,4 por cento) não foram detectadas alterações pela USTC. A hidrocefalia foi o distúrbio neurológico de origem central mais freqüente e a USTC é uma alternativa viável para auxiliar na rotina clínica veterinária como ferramenta diagnóstica na detecção de alterações morfológicas e estruturais do cérebro no cão

In this work, 55 dogs with neurologycal disorder were examined and central neurological affections were detected by transcranial ultrasonography (TCUS). They were classifyed in hydrocephaly, lissencephaly, focal and difuse parenchimal disorders, and none changes. From the examinated dogs, 52.9 percent presented diagnosis compatible with hydrocephaly, being 55.1 percent female and 51.7 percent younger than 2 year-old. Fifteen dogs (27.3 percent) presented focal lesions, 7.2 percent diffuse lesions, 7.2 percent images that suggested lissencephaly, and in 5.4 percent no changes were detected by TCUS. It was concluded that hydrocephaly was the most frequent central neurologycal disorder and TCUS is a valuable alternative to be used in clinical routine as a tool of diagnostic to detect morphological and structural cerebral disorders in dogs

Repetitive miscarriages in a patient with a high level of anticardiolipin antibodies and myocardial infarction.

Antiphospholipid antibodies consist of a group of heterogeneous autoantibodies against anionic phospholipids. We describe the case of a 19-year-old patient who was consulted in the obstetrics service after her second miscarriage. She was a smoker and six months after this consultation she developed diabetes mellitus. At 21 years of age she suffered from myocardial infarction, when high anticardiolipin antibody levels were evidenced. Some months later the patient again became pregnant and prophylaxis against miscarriages was performed using low doses (5000 IU) heparin administered subcutaneously at 12-hour intervals. She evolved with preeclampsia, however, the baby was born in good health. One year after she again became pregnant and prophylaxis against miscarriage was again performed using low doses of heparin. The pregnancy successfully resulted with the birth of her second child.